Whether a person is genetically or bio-chemically predisposed to addiction or alcoholism is a controversy that has been debated for years within the scientific, medical and chemical dependency  communities.  One school of thought advocates the "disease concept," which embraces the notion that addiction is an inherited disease, and that the individual is permanently ill at a genetic level, even for those experiencing long periods of sobriety.  
  Another philosophy argues that addiction is a dual problem consisting of a physical and mental dependency on chemicals, compounded by a pre-existing mental disorder (i.e. clinical depression, bipolar disorder, or some other mental illness), and that the mental disorder needs to be treated first as the primary cause of the addiction.  A third philosophy subscribes to the idea that chemical dependency leads to "chemical imbalances" in the neurological system.   The fact remains that there is scientific research to support all of these concepts, but that none of these theories are absolute.  Based on national averages we have a 16% to 20% recovery rate.  The message is clear that we have a lot more to learn if we are to bring the national recovery rate to a more desirable level. 
  There is a 4th school of thought which has proven to be more accurate.  It has to do with the life cycle of addiction.  This data is universally applicable to addiction, no matter which hypothesis is used to explain the phenomenon of chemical dependency. The life cycle of addiction begins with a problem, discomfort or some form of emotional or physical pain a person is experiencing.  The person finds this very difficult to deal with.  Here is an individual who, like most people in our society, is basically good.  He has encountered a problem or discomfort that he does not have the ability to resolve. This could include problems such as difficulty “fitting in” as a child or teenager, anxiety due to peer pressure, identity problems or divorce as an adult. It could also include physical discomfort, such as a broken arm or a bad back. The person experiencing the discomfort has a real problem. He feels this problem is a major situation that persists and he can see no immediate resolution or relief from it.
   We have all experienced this in our lives to a greater or lesser degree.  The difference between which one of us becomes an addict and  which one does not depends on whether or not,  at the time of this traumatic experience, we are subjected to pro-drug or alcohol influences via some sort of significant peer pressure when the problem is manifesting itself. The painkilling effects of drugs or alcohol  becomes a solution to the discomfort because the person experiences relief from the negative feeling associated with the problem.  As soon as the addict experiences relief from the discomfort, he inadvertently attaches value to the drug or drink, because it helped him feel better.  Even though the relief is only temporary, it is adopted as a solution to the problem and this assigned value is the only reason the person ever uses drugs or drinks a second, third or more times.  At this point, it is just a matter of time before the person becomes fully addicted and loses the ability to control their drug use.

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